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Hydrochloric Acid

Hydrochloric acid is the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas (HCl). It is a strong acid, and the major component of gastric acid. It is also widely used in industry. Hydrochloric acid must be handled with appropriate safety precautions because it is a highly corrosive solution.
Hydrochloric acid, or Muriatic acid by its historical but still occasionally-used name, has been an important and frequently-used chemical from early history, and was discovered by the alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan around the year 800. It was used throughout the Middle Ages by alchemists in the quest for the philosopher's stone, and later by several European scientists including Glauber, Priestley, and Davy in order to help establish modern chemical knowledge.


IUPAC name

Hydrochloric acid

Other names

Muriatic acid, Spirit of salt

Identifiers

CAS number

[7647-01-0]

Properties

Molecular formula

HCl in water (H2O)

Molar mass

36.46 g/mol (HCl)

Appearance

Clear colorless to light-yellow liquid

Melting point

−26°C (247 K) 38% solution

Boiling point

110 °C (383 K), 20.2% solution;
48°C (321 K), 38% solution.

Solubility in water

Miscible

Acidity (pKa)

−8.0

Viscosity

1.9 mPa s at 25° C,
31.5% solution

Flash point

Non-flammable

 

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