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Nitric Acid

Nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosive and toxic strong acid that can cause severe burns. The synthesis of nitric acid was first recorded circa 800 AD by the Muslim alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan.

Colorless when pure, older samples tend to acquire a yellow cast due to the accumulation of oxides of nitrogen. If the solution contains more than 86% nitric acid, it is referred to as fuming nitric acid. Fuming nitric acid is characterized as white fuming nitric acid and red fuming nitric acid, depending on the amount of nitrogen dioxide present.

IUPAC name Nitric acid
Other names Aqua fortis; Spirit of nitre; Salpetre acid
Identifiers
CAS number [7697-37-2]]
Properties
Molecular formula HNO3
Molar mass 63.012 g/mol
Appearance Clear, colorless liquid
Density 1.51 g/cm3, colorless liquid
Melting point -42 °C, 231 K, -44 °F
Boiling point 83 °C, 356 K, 181 F (bp of pure acid. 68% solution boils at 120.5 °C)
Solubility in water Miscible
Viscosity ? cP at ? °C
Dipole moment 2.17 ± 0.02 D

 

 

 

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